Category Archives: News

An early look at Portable Web Publications

PDF is the most popular document presentation format, but it’s primarily visual, letting you view or print a document the way it would originally have been printed. EPub focuses more on content, reflowing documents to fit screens of all sizes. The developers of the Open Web Platform think the next step should be documents that are equally at home offline and online. They’ve provided an idea (not yet a spec) of how this would work with the first Public Working Draft of Portable Web Publications.
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TI(FF)/A

As I mentioned in an earlier post, Adobe objected to the use of the name TIFF in the TIFF/A Initiative and proposed TIFF profile. Since Adobe holds the trademark, their objection has legal force. Accordingly, TIFF/A has become TI/A (Tagged Image for Archival), and the Initiative is now using the domain ti-a.org. The old domain redirects to the new one.

This is bound to cause some confusion, but it looks as if there wasn’t any choice.

Video

New video: Introduction to file format internals

This is my very first YouTube video, intended to give starting-level computer science students an idea of some of the basic issues of file formats. Suggestions on how to make future ones better, in terms of both content and technique, are welcome. If I get serious about these, I’ll invest in something better than the very painful iMovie.
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TIFF/A by any other name

TIFF/A is in search of a new name.

Today’s online kickoff discussion for the TIFF/A Initiative was productive in a lot of ways, but the big news for the broader public is that it will have to change its name. Adobe owns the TIFF trademark, and it doesn’t want “TIFF/A” used for the proposed new standard for archival TIFF.
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EpubCheck 4.0

EPUB is the favorite format for e-books (ignoring Amazon, which like to be incompatible so it can lock users in). EpubCheck is the open-source industry standard for validating EPUB files. If you’re an author creating your own e-book files, you should run them against EpubCheck before releasing them. It’ll make hosting sites happier, since they’ll probably run it themselves and will like your book better if it passes. A book that passes EpubCheck will also give you fewer headaches with readers complaining it doesn’t work on their reader.
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TIFF/A kickoff

TIFF/A logoThe TIFF/A Initiative has announced its kickoff online conference for September 15 at 3 PM CEST. TIFF/A (see my earlier post) is a proposal for a set of rules, not yet defined, for archival-quality TIFF files. It’s still possible to sign up for participation. According to the email, the conference will cover:
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Unicode 8.0: More languages, more emoji

Emoji in various skin colorsEncoding all the characters of all the world’s languages is an endless task. Unicode 8.0 improves the treatment of Cherokee, Tai Lue, Devangari, and more. For a lot of people, the most interesting part will be the implementation of “diverse” emoji in a variety of colors. A Unicode Consortium report explains:

People all over the world want to have emoji that reflect more human diversity, especially for skin tone. The Unicode emoji characters for people and body parts are meant to be generic, yet following the precedents set by the original Japanese carrier images, they are often shown with a light skin tone instead of a more generic (nonhuman) appearance, such as a yellow/orange color or a silhouette.

Five symbol modifier characters that provide for a range of skin tones for human emoji are planned for Unicode Version 8.0 (scheduled for mid-2015). These characters are based on the six tones of the Fitzpatrick scale, a recognized standard for dermatology (there are many examples of this scale online, such as FitzpatrickSkinType.pdf). The exact shades may vary between implementations.

… When a human emoji is not immediately followed by a emoji modifier character, it should use a generic, non-realistic skin tone.

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OPF seeking executive director

With Ed Fay’s departure, the Open Preservation Foundation is seeking a new executive director. The location is “negotiable,” but I’m sure major centers of digital preservation activity in Europe will get top consideration.

Update on JHOVE

JHOVE logoYesterday the Open Preservation Foundation held a webinar on JHOVE, presented by Carl Wilson. I was really impressed by the progress he’s made there, and any rumors of JHOVE’s death (including ones I may have contributed to) have been greatly exaggerated.

The big changes include reorganizing the code under Maven and making installation more straightforward. These are both badly needed changes. I never had the opportunity to do them at Harvard, and when I took the code over for a while after leaving there, I focused on fixing bugs rather than fixing the design.

In my comments during the webinar, I pointed out the importance of Stephen Abrams’ contribution, which a lot of people don’t remember. I didn’t create JHOVE; he did. The core application and design principles were already in place when I entered the project. OPF will, I’m sure, give him the credit he deserves.

The end of Flash?

There’s a growing call to dump Adobe Flash. With alternatives based on HTML5 becoming standardized, many tech experts think a plugin that has often been a source of security holes is a liability.

Security reporter Brian Krebs has written several articles on Flash:

Browser plugins are favorite targets for malware and miscreants because they are generally full of unpatched or undocumented security holes that cybercrooks can use to seize complete control over vulnerable systems. The Flash Player plugin is a stellar example of this: It is among the most widely used browser plugins, and it requires monthly patching (if not more frequently).

It’s also not uncommon for Adobe to release emergency fixes for the software to patch flaws that bad guys started exploiting before Adobe even knew about the bugs.

In 2010, Steve Jobs wrote an open letter explaining why Apple hasn’t supported Flash on iOS:

Adobe’s Flash products are 100% proprietary. They are only available from Adobe, and Adobe has sole authority as to their future enhancement, pricing, etc. While Adobe’s Flash products are widely available, this does not mean they are open, since they are controlled entirely by Adobe and available only from Adobe. By almost any definition, Flash is a closed system.

Apple has many proprietary products too. Though the operating system for the iPhone, iPod and iPad is proprietary, we strongly believe that all standards pertaining to the web should be open. Rather than use Flash, Apple has adopted HTML5, CSS and JavaScript – all open standards. Apple’s mobile devices all ship with high performance, low power implementations of these open standards. HTML5, the new web standard that has been adopted by Apple, Google and many others, lets web developers create advanced graphics, typography, animations and transitions without relying on third party browser plug-ins (like Flash). HTML5 is completely open and controlled by a standards committee, of which Apple is a member.

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